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Garden classification of daffodils

At first glance, all daffodils are exactly the same: an easily recognizable flower with six perianth lobes and a characteristic outgrowth in the middle. They don't indulge in a variety of colors either, traditional white and yellow colors, sometimes with the addition of pink, orange, red. But one has only to plunge a little into the "narcissistic" world, as it turns out that each variety has its own "face", its own unique look.

Narcissus At Dawning (group tubular)

Today there are more than 30 thousand varieties and every year this figure increases thanks to the work of breeders. Breeding work with daffodils is concentrated mainly abroad: in the UK, USA, New Zealand and other countries. There are few varieties of domestic selection. The internationally recognized authority on narcissistic fashion is The Royal Horticultural Society in London, England. Every year, during the flowering period of daffodils, leading companies exhibit their products at a special exhibition of this society. Here you can see and get acquainted with the latest achievements of breeders, as well as with other, less valuable varieties. It is here that it becomes clear that the varieties of daffodils are very diverse in appearance: the shape and color of the flower, the number of flowers on the peduncle; and by qualitative characteristics: the height and strength of the peduncle, the scope (forcing, cutting, gardening), resistance to diseases and pests.

To systematize such a number of varieties, a unified international classification of garden daffodils was introduced. This division is largely arbitrary, since modern varieties arose as a result of distant hybridization of various wild species. Currently, all garden forms and varieties of daffodil are combined under a common name Narcissusxhybridushort... According to the modern garden classification, they are divided into 13 groups: 12 groups of garden daffodils (including hybrids Narcissus bulbocodium - 10 group), 13 group - natural species and forms.

Let us remind you once again that the daffodil flower has a very unusual shape. It consists of six perianth lobes, which can have different shapes and colors, white, yellow or cream. The diameter of the flower is from 2 to 10 cm. In the middle of the flower there is an outgrowth, which is called a tube (crown). The crown is of various diameters (0.8-6.0 cm) and heights (0.5-6.0 cm), with a smooth or wavy edge. Painted in white, yellow, orange, pink or red. Sometimes a border of a different color or shade of different width is located along the edge of the crown. The flower is on a smooth peduncle with a height of 10 to 50 cm. There can be from one to seven flowers on a peduncle, depending on the variety. Leaves are narrow, linear, up to 35-50 cm long, green or bluish in color.

To navigate this variety, we will give a brief description of the main groups of garden daffodils, crown shapes and color options.

Group 1: tubular daffodils

The peduncle has one large flower, the tube is of the same length with the perianth lobes or longer than them. Coloring is white, yellow, one- or two-colored (perianth and tube of different colors). Plants are distinguished by a noble, classic appearance, bloom early, suitable for landscaping (planting in a mixborder, single planting on the lawn) and for winter forcing.

Narcissus Beersheba (tubular group)Narcissus Lunar Sea (tubular group)

Group 2. Large-crowned daffodils

Probably the same daffodils that were depicted on Soviet postcards by May 1. The peduncle has one flower, the crown is longer than 1/3 of the perianth lobes, but less than the length of the perianth. To put it more simply, the crown does not look like a long "gramophone" pipe, as in the varieties from the first group, but also not small, as in the varieties from the third group. In this group, the most diverse combination of colors of the crown and perianth lobes. The perianth is white, yellow, cream. The crown is white, cream, yellow, orange, orange-red, pink.There are many varieties with edging of different widths of orange, pink or red, the edge of the crown can be wavy, corrugated, bent back, similar to airy lace.

Narcissus Bramley (large crowned group)Narcissus Curly (large-crowned group)

Group 3. Small-crowned daffodils

The name of the group speaks for itself. The crown of varieties from this group is low, no more than 1/3 of the perianth length, one flower on the peduncle. The perianth is white, cream or yellow. The crown is often bordered, yellow-orange, apricot, pink, red, greenish. They bloom later than varieties from the first and second groups, grow well.

Narcissus Professor Einstein (large crowned group)Narcissus Montego (small-crowned group)
Narcissus Altruist (small-crowned group)Narcissus Eminent (small-crowned group)

Group 4. Terry daffodils

Not at all like a traditional daffodil. The peduncle has one or more flowers, with a double perianth or double crown, or a combination of both. One or two colors: white, yellow with red, orange, pink. Appeared long ago, the first plants - thanks to spontaneous selection, then daffodil breeders purposefully set about breeding varieties with a double flower. They have been widely known since the end of the 19th century, but they were not immediately distinguished into a separate group, since the number of terry varieties could be counted on one hand. A significant drawback is the drooping of the peduncles when wet. After rain or abundant watering, heavy, moisture-saturated flowers do not hold on to the peduncles, the peduncles tilt to the ground and often break.

Narcissus Great Leap (terry group)Narcissus Independence Day (terry group)Narcissus Yellow Cheerfulness (terry group)

Group 5. Triandrus daffodils

On a low (25cm) peduncle, there are two or more flowers, the perianth lobes are slightly thrown back, the flowers are drooping (hanging). The color of the flower is white, yellow, golden. They bloom early, are suitable for planting among stones, go well with other early flowering bulbous plants.

Narcissus Hawera (Triandrus group)Narcissus Thalia (Triandrus group)

Group 6. Cyclamenous daffodils

On a low (15-20 cm) peduncle, there is one graceful flower, similar to a cyclamen flower. The perianth lobes are very strongly bent back, the flower is located at an acute angle to the peduncle, with a short peduncle, the crown is narrow, long. White, yellow perianth, white, yellow, orange crown. It blooms early, suitable for stony hills, curbs, planting with muscari, crocuses, forest trees and other spring-flowering plants.

Narcissus Phalarope (cyclamen group)Narcissus Beryl (cyclamen group)

Group 7. Jonquilid daffodils

The peduncle has five flowers (sometimes eight), the perianth lobes are open or bent back, the crown is in the form of a bowl. Usually its width is greater than its length. The flowers are fragrant, the leaves are narrow. The color is yellow, white. They bloom late, the peduncle is high (50 cm), look good in a mixborder.

Narcissus Suzy (Jonquiliform group)Daffodil Golden Chain (Jonquiliform group)

Group 8. Tacid daffodils

Daffodil Geranium (daffodil group)

They usually have several flowers (more than three) on a strong, thick peduncle. The perianth lobes are open, not thrown back, the flowers are usually fragrant, the aroma is specific. The petals are rounded, with a folded surface. The leaves are wide. The color is white, cream, yellow. Suitable for forcing, cutting.

Group 9. Poetic daffodils

Usually one flower on a peduncle, the perianth lobes are purely white, the crown is folded, disc-shaped, usually with a green or yellow center and a red border along the edge (sometimes monochromatic). The flowers are usually fragrant. Suitable for long-term cultivation in one place without transplanting, bloom late.

Group 10. Hybrids N. bulbocodium

On a low (10-15 cm) peduncle, there is one flower, the perianth lobes are very small, almost undeveloped, the crown is of a specific bell-shaped shape, large (they are called daffodils - "crinolines", since the flower resembles a lady's skirt worn on a hoop). They winter relatively successfully in the middle lane, but in severe winters they can freeze out and require shelter. Very good on rocky hills, suitable for pot distillation.

Group 11. Split-crowned daffodils

There is one flower on the peduncle. The crown (tube) is more than half divided, adjacent to the perianth. The flower resembles an orchid. Color options for the split crown (tube) are varied: white, yellow, red, pink, orange. Plants from this group will decorate the garden, suitable for bouquets and for forcing for cutting.

Narcissus Palma Giovanni (split crown group)Narcissus Grapillon (split crown group)
Narcissus Congress (split-crown group)Narcissus Pasteline (split crown group)

Group 12. Other daffodils

This group contains daffodils that did not fall into any other group.

Group 13. Species, wild forms and hybrids of wild forms

Unfortunately, plants from this group are rarely found in our gardens, as many species cannot tolerate cold winters.

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