Useful information

Goldenrod: medicinal properties and uses

In medicine, mainly 2 types are used - the canadian goldenrod and the golden rod, which is widely growing in our country in the fields-meadows.

Common goldenrod

Common goldenrod

 

Common goldenrod, or golden rod (Solidagovirgaurea) is a perennial herb from the Asteraceae family with a short woody rhizome. Stems are erect, often unbranched, leafy, up to 100 cm tall. The leaves are alternate or ovate, pointed, serrate along the edge, basal and lower stem leaves are narrowed into a winged petiole, the upper ones are smaller, sessile. The flowers are yellow, in small (up to 15 mm) baskets, collected in a racemose or paniculate inflorescence. Fruits are cylindrical ribbed achenes with a brownish tuft. Blooms in August - September.

It is found throughout the European part of Russia, except for the Far North, in the Caucasus and Western Siberia. It grows in light forests, along forest edges, clearings, clearings, among bushes, in meadows. Prefers soils that are not heavy in texture. In Eastern Siberia and the Far East, it is replaced by closely related species - the Daurian goldenrod (Solidago dahurica syn. Solidago virgaurea var. dahurica) and the goldenrod descending (Solidago decurrens), which can be used in medicine due to a similar chemical composition along with the main type.

The upper part of leafy shoots, harvested during flowering, is used. It is not at all necessary to grow goldenrod on the site, you can simply collect and dry the upper parts of the shoots with inflorescences in late July-early August. Dried in the shade, laid out in attics or in a dryer, at a temperature not higher than + 35 + 40 ° C. Homeopaths use inflorescences.

We use it in folk medicine and harvested wild. Included in the Pharmacopoeia of Germany and some other countries.

Properties and applicationgoldenrod

Chemical composition: organic acids, diterpenoids, 2.4% saponins, phenolic compounds, phenol carboxylic acids and their derivatives (caffeic, chlorogenic, hydroxycinnamic), up to 012% flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, etc.), coumarins, essential oil.

Pharmachologic effect. It has a strong diuretic effect, it is used for diseases of the kidneys and bladder, especially often for urolithiasis. At the same time, along with a diuretic effect, it exhibits anti-inflammatory and strong antibacterial properties. Contained flavonoids reduce capillary permeability. Effective for urate and oxalate stones. Contraindicated in phosphate stones, as it increases the pH of urine. It is very effective in chronic prostatitis, cystitis and urethritis. Sometimes in fees it is used for impotence and prostate adenoma. Due to its antifungal action, it is effective against candidiasis, and in common parlance - thrush.

In folk medicine, it is used for cholelithiasis, indigestion, rheumatism, gout, associated with impaired uric acid metabolism. Outwardly, fresh leaves are used for boils and boils. In Germany, it is sometimes used for diseases of the veins, which is probably associated with a high content of flavonoids and a pronounced anti-inflammatory, vaso-strengthening and antioxidant effect.

Canadian goldenrod

Canadian goldenrod

Canadian goldenrod (Solidagocanadensis L.) is very decorative, numerous garden forms have been bred, which differ markedly in the height and shape of the inflorescences. This species is a perennial herb up to 150 cm high, strongly reminiscent of the common goldenrod. Stems are erect, branching in the upper part, densely leafy along the entire length, woody at the base. The color of the stems is from dark to light green. The leaves are alternate, linear-lanceolate, long-pointed at the apex with three distinct veins.The lower leaves are sharp-serrate-toothed at the edges, short-petiolate, 5-12 cm long.The upper leaves are entire, sessile, 4-8 cm long. Flower baskets are small, 3-5 mm in diameter, consist of 4-6 reed and 5-8 tubular flowers. Reed flowers are yellow, arranged in one row. The tubular ones are in the center of the basket, have 5 stamens and a pistil with a flat bipartite stigma. The fruit is a narrow-cylindrical ribbed achene 4-15 mm long. It blooms from the second year of life in late July-early August, bears fruit in late August-early September.

The homeland of this species is North America. Occurs in the USA in the mountains up to the subalpine zone. In Europe, it was first used as an ornamental plant, then as a medicinal plant. It became wild and is now widely distributed throughout the western and central regions of the European part of the country.

Canadian goldenrod is an unpretentious plant, undemanding to soil conditions. It tolerates partial shading, but develops better in sunny areas. The plant is very large and powerful, based on this, you should choose a spacious place for planting it. Plants can be placed in a mixborder and arranged according to the height of the selected variety or shape. As a dried flower, the tops of the shoots cut off at the very beginning of flowering will revive any winter bouquet with their bright color.

Cultivation and reproduction

Growing a plant is not difficult. Goldenrod is easily propagated by seeds and vegetatively, by rhizome segments and green cuttings. Seeds can be sown without prior preparation in early spring. Then it is better to either thin out the plants or plant them at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other. In autumn, it is better to cut off the aboveground part at a height of 5-6 cm from the soil surface.

Canadian goldenrod

Vegetative reproduction - by segments of rhizomes, possibly - by green cuttings. Cuttings root in artificial fog, and even without it, without much difficulty. The optimal planting pattern is 20-30x70 cm.

The plant is very responsive to mineral and organic fertilizers, which, given the long growing period in one place, it makes sense to apply when planting.

The plant is practically not affected by pests and diseases.

Properties and applications of canadian goldenrod

As a medicinal raw material, just like in common goldenrod, the upper part of leafy shoots, harvested at the very beginning of flowering, is used. Cut off the tops of 30-40 cm. The plantation can be operated for 5 or more years. If you are late in harvesting raw materials, then the inflorescences are strongly puffed when drying. In contrast to the golden rod, the rough stems are removed from the canadian goldenrod after drying, leaving leaves and inflorescences. Raw materials are dried in the shade, laid out in attics or in a dryer at a temperature not higher than + 35 + 40 ° C.

 

Chemical composition. The aerial part of the plant contains organic acids, diterpenoids, 2.4% saponins, phenolic compounds, phenol carboxylic acids and their derivatives (coffee, chlorogenic, hydroxycinnamic), up to 0.12% flavonoids (rutin, quercetin, etc.), coumarins, essential oil , amino acids, chlorophyll, sugars, lipophilic substances, diterpenes, a large number of triterpene saponins. According to regulatory documents, the amount of flavonoids in terms of rutin must be at least 3%.

 

Canadian goldenrod

Pharmachologic effect. The plant has a strong diuretic effect, it is used for diseases of the kidneys and bladder, especially often for urolithiasis. Effective for urate and oxalate stones. Contraindicated in phosphate, as it increases urine pH. At the same time, along with a diuretic effect, it exhibits anti-inflammatory and powerful antibacterial properties. It is very effective in chronic prostatitis, cystitis and urethritis. Sometimes in fees it is used for impotence and prostate adenoma. Canadian goldenrod is a part of Polish Fitolysin and Ukrainian Marelin.VILAR has developed a complex drug Prostanorm, which is used for acute and chronic prostatitis and prostate adenoma, which, in addition to canadian goldenrod, includes echinacea and licorice.

Contained flavonoids reduce capillary permeability. Effective against candidiasis (thrush).

In folk medicine, it is used for cholelithiasis, indigestion, rheumatism, gout, associated with impaired uric acid metabolism. Outwardly, fresh leaves are used for boils and boils. In Germany, it is sometimes used for diseases of the veins.

 

Due to some toxicity of common goldenrod, the dosage must be observed... Canadian goldenrod is practically non-toxic.

Infusion of herbs: 20 g of raw materials per 200 ml of boiling water insist, strain and take after meals 1 / 3-1 / 4 cup 3 times a day.

Cold herb infusion: 6 teaspoons of raw materials pour 400 ml of boiled water and leave for 8 hours, strain, drink during the day.

Due to the high content of flavonoids, the aerial parts of both types of goldenrod can be used to dye fabrics yellow (we are talking about natural fibers - wool, silk, and somewhat worse - cotton).

In recent years, scientists have discovered a strong allelopathic effect of goldenrod on the soil microflora. Plants release a large amount of secondary metabolites into the soil, which inhibit the development of harmful phytopathogens living in the soil and thus cleanse the soil.

Interesting results were obtained that a decoction of two plant species - canadian goldenrod (leaf) and carnation suppresses the development of mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Aedes aegypti), which is a carrier of pathogens of yellow fever, dengue fever, wuchereriasis. So, the benefits of goldenrod are not limited to the expulsion of salts from the body.

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