The ending. Start: Chrysanthemum history. Eastern period, History of chrysanthemums. Western period
At present, the importance of the English English Chrysanthemum Society (NCS) is growing all over the world, international conferences are held, experience is exchanged between America, Australia, Canada, Japan, and New Zealand. European countries are less involved in this process due to the traditional mourning symbolism of the flower. For example, in Austria, Belgium, Italy, Malta, chrysanthemums are exclusively a symbol of eternal memory. In France, Poland, Croatia, white chrysanthemums are endowed with mourning significance. In fairness, it should be noted that in the eastern countries - Japan, China, Korea, white chrysanthemums are an expression of crying or grief.
How the frost that has fallen on flowers melts
That chrysanthemum that grows near the house where I live. So, life, you melt, Filled with tender love! (Tomonori)
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| Chrysanthemum column, Japan | Chrysanthemum bonsai |
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| Chrysanthemum topiary, China | |
This does not apply to Germany, where chrysanthemum is treated with great reverence. A German legend tells that on Christmas Eve in the Black Forest, a peasant family, intending to sit down to a meager dinner, heard the sounds of crying. Opening the door, they found a beggar turned blue from the cold. He was wrapped in a blanket and shared with him. In an instant, a blanket fell, revealing a man in shining white robes, with a halo over his head. Calling himself Jesus, he left, and the next morning two white chrysanthemums were found under the door. To this day, on Christmas Eve, many Germans bring white chrysanthemums into their homes, believing that by doing so they give refuge to the baby Jesus Christ.
In the USA, chrysanthemums are perceived extremely positively and are shortly called "mums" (this is nothing but the ending of the word Chrysanthemums). In 1961, the chrysanthemum became the official symbol of the city of Chicago.
Today, Longwood Garden (Pennsylvania) and Cypress Garden (Florida) showcase many of the most bizarre uses of chrysanthemums in the landscape every year. Some cultivars allow you to give them a different shape, taking into account their growth characteristics. In one season, you can create miniature bonsai, like those made from trees. Others can be given a hemispherical shape or fancifully grown in the form of an animal or human figure, and even create "living furniture". Cascading forms growing from a single stem are capable of not only hanging in bunches of flowers, but also taking the form of a fan, column or tree, creating the most prominent culminations in the garden during the tranquil season.
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| Single-headed chrysanthemums. Exhibition in Japan | Chrysanthemums in the landscape. Exhibition in Japan |
On the ninth day of the ninth lunar month in China, it was customary to go to the mountains, break off the branches of dogwood and stick them into the hair - according to legend, this saved from disease and damage. Traditionally, on this day, they drank wine mixed with yellow chrysanthemum petals - to protect against infectious diseases.
Ready wine, why chrysanthemums
have not yet opened in the garden?
Gao Qi (1336-1374)
Until now, in China, the Chrysanthemum Festival is held annually in Tongxiang near Hangzhou. But the most luxurious celebration of chrysanthemums in the modern world is the Japanese national chrysanthemum festival in Nihonmatsu, where chrysanthemum plantations existed 400 years ago. It hosts exhibitions of chrysanthemums, for which flower dolls and whole epic paintings are constructed. Houses are decorated with ikebans and garlands, and traditional dishes are prepared from chrysanthemums. Flowers themselves and beautiful girls are honored, rewarding them with the title Oki-ku-san, equating them with the charm of chrysanthemums and the radiance of the sun.
Recently, chrysanthemums have been grown in many countries. Hybridizers from England, France, Japan, and the USA have expanded the range of colors, shapes and sizes of chrysanthemums. Now there are varieties in various shades of pink, purple, red, yellow, orange and bronze, white.Some have a different color of the flower disk and petals, two-color petals, contrasting color of the petals on the inner and outer sides. In many varieties, the flower disc is hidden under the petals, and hybridizers cut them off with scissors to expose it and pollinate it.
In addition to the traditional shape, chrysanthemum flowers can be similar to dahlias, pompons, buttons. Since the 70s of the past century, spray chrysanthemums (also called spray chrysanthemums) have gained popularity, having 6-9 inflorescences on the stem. Today there are more than 10,000 varieties of chrysanthemums!
According to Chinese Feng Shui, chrysanthemums bring health and longevity to the house. This is not devoid of a scientific basis - even a bouquet of chrysanthemums has a beneficial effect on indoor air quality. A bouquet of chrysanthemums can have a symbolic meaning and express wishes of loyalty, optimism, joy and long life.
Let me breathe in your scent deeply Cloud with a voluptuous dream! Sultry joy! Sun of the East! Chrysanthemum flower golden!
(Teffi)
The article used materials:
John Salter. The chrysanthemum: its history and culture.
//www.mums.org
//www.flowers.org.uk
N. Shevyreva. And the summer resident is taking chrysanthemums to the city. - "Bulletin of the florist", No. 5, 2005
N.G. Dyachenko. Chrysanthemums are Korean. - M., MSP, 2004
